1. RATIFY
FUNCTION: verb
- to agree and give formal sanction to; confirm

Examples:
A. The agreement, which became effective in 1997, has been signed and ratified by 160 nations.

B.The government has a process by which they can ratify the constitution.


2. QUORUM
FUNCTION: noun
- a minimum number of members in an assembly, society, board of directors, etc., required to be present before any valid business can be transacted.

Examples: 
A. The annual meeting couldn't start until the fourth person arrived, because the quorum for a valid meeting was four.

B. Failure to achieve a quorum can, therefore, seriously disrupt the decision making policy of the chartiy.


3. CIRCUMVENT
FUNCTION: verb
- to surround ( an enemy, for example); enclose or entrap.
- surround so as to force to give up
- to go around; bypass
- to avoid or get around by artful maneuvering

Examples:
A. The American forces circumvented the Iraqi occupying army in Kuwait, trapping and defeating them.

B. The army circumvented the small town forcing them to give up.

4. LEGACY
FUNCTION: noun
- a gift by will especially of money or other personal property.
- something transmitted by or received from ancestor or predecessor or from the past. The legacy of the ancient philosophers.

Examples:
A. The legacy of the Jones family was well known for hundred of years.

B. Opportunity for a good education is the best legacy we can bequeath to the next generation.


5. PATHETIC
FUNCTION: adjective
- sad-looking; pitiful
- having the capacity to move one to either compassionate or contemptuous pity
- marked by sorrow or melancholy
- pitifully inferior or inadequate.  The restaurant's pathetic service.


Examples:
A. The apprentices did pathetic work  when they first began learning how to make shoes.

B. The man sleeping on the cardboard in front of the book store looked all the more pathetic, because it was snowing and drifting snow on his blankets.

C. The dog looked pathetic with water dripping down its pur.

D.  The boy looked pathetic standing in the rain with no umbrella.



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