1. SUPPLANT
FUNCTION: verb
- take the place of, often by trickery or force. He easily supplanted his rival.


- to displace and substitute for another . Computers rapidly supplant typewriters in the workplace, just as photocopiers replaced carbon paper.


2. CONSTITUTE
FUNCTION: verb
- to be the elements or parts of; compose. Copper and tin constitute bronze.


- to amount to; equal
- to set up or establish according to law or provision. a body that is duly constituted under the charter.


- to found (an institution for example)
-to enact (a law or regulation)
- to appoint to an office, dignity, function, or task; designate


3. SANCTUARY
FUNCTION: noun
- a sacred place, such as church, temple, or mosque
- a place of refuge or asylum
- a reserved area in which birds and other animals, especially wild animals, are protected from hunting or molestation.


Example:
A. We took shelter in the peaceful sanctuary.


B. The place where he can find sanctuary is the river.


4. ADHERENT
FUNCTION: noun
- a supporter or a follower


FUNCTION: adjective
- sticking, holding fast or attached


Examples:
A. You have to be adherent to the rules of the school, or you would be breaking them and could get in trouble.


B. I am an adherent to the new non-smoking laws.


5. CLOISTER
FUNCTION: noun
- a monastic establishment 
- an area within a monastery or convent to which the religious are normally restricted
- monastic life
- a place or state of seclusion
- a covered passage on the side of a court usually having one side walled and the other an open arcade or collonade.


Examples: 
A. During the old days, nuns were safely cloistered behind high convent walls, protected from the outside world.


B. My entire favorite bit of the entire opera is Act II Scene I, in the cloisters of the monastery of San Giusto.

1. ETHEREAL
FUNCTION: adjective
- celestial, heavenly, unworldly, spiritual
- lacking material substance; immaterial; intangible
- marked by unusual delicacy or refinement
- characterized by unusual lightness and delicacies

Examples:
A. I sit there awhile taking in the ethereal beauty around me

B. The smallest and most ethereal of birds is in my tree right now.


2. DECIPHER
FUNCTION: verb
- convert code into ordinary language
- read with difficulty
- understand; figure out


Examples:
A. I cannot decipher your handwriting; it is not legible.

B. Talbot was also a mathematician and classical scholar, and was one of the first to decipher the cuneiform inscriptions of Nineveh, Assyria.

1. RATIONAL
FUNCTION: adjective
- having reason or understanding
- relating to, based on, or agreeable to reason
- reasonable <a rational explanation> <rational behaviour>

Examples:
A. That would be a rational decision.
B. Did her excuse seems rational to you?
C. She seemed perfectly rational to me.
D. It is rational to believe that there are alien beings from outer space?


2. EMPIRICAL
FUNCTION: adjective
- originating in or based on observation and experience <empirical data>
- relying on experience or observation alone often without due regard for system and theory <an empirical basis for the theory>
- capable of being verified or disproved by observation or experiment <empirical laws>


Example:
A. The data we used from our  experiment is empirical data and not based on theory.
B. Medicine focus primarily on the pathology ( disease) and empirical data; nursing examines empirical data while focusing primarily on the whole person and the things that may impact/influence one's life.


* note: what is the difference between a rational proof and an empirical proof?


Rational proof is governed by the rules of logic, considered by many to be the basis of good thinking. Testing ideas through the use of continuous questioning and thoughtful examination.


Empirical proof is proof arising from careful observation of events in nature; proof that forms the basis for scientific discovery.


3. INDUCTION
FUNCTION: noun
-  a formal entry into an organization or position or office
- an electrical phenomenon whereby an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in a closed circuit by a change in the flow of current
- reasoning from detailed facts to  general principles


Example:
A. The scientist used a method of induction to realize that atoms ultimately make up the structure of humans and all life itself.


4. ROADMAP
FUNCTION: noun
- a detailed plan or explanation to guide you in setting standards or determining a course of action. The president said he had a road map for normalizing relations with Vietnam.
- a map showing roads( for automobile travel)


Examples:
A. Plan your route before you leave home and carry road maps with you.


B. Our strategic outline provides a comprehensive and clear road map for moving the school forward to achieve continuous improvement in our educational mission.


5. CAUSATION
FUNCTION: noun
- the act or process of  causing
- a cause
- causality

1. SPOUT OFF - saying what you think or feel without consideration for the feeling of others.

Example:
It is easy to spout off, but much better to remain calm.


2. BENEATH
FUNCTION: adverb
- in a lower place; below
- underneath

FUNCTION: preposition
     1. a. lower than; below: a drawer beneath a cabinet
     b. to or in a lower position than: move the picture beneath the                                                                light
     2. Covered or concealed  by: The earth lay beneath a blanket                                                                       of snow.
      3.   Under the force, control or influence of
      4. a. lower than, as in rank or situation
           b.  unworhty of; unbefitting: It was beneath me to beg.

3. HALLMARK
FUNCTION: noun
- a distinctive characteristic or attribute
- a mark on an article of trade to indicate its origin and authenticity

Examples:
A. These poems became the literary hallmark of the dynasty.
B. Any piece not carrying a hallmark must be notified to us within     14 days of receiving the goods.
C. A decent minimum wage is the hallmark of a civilized society.

4. DELIBERATE
FUNCTION: adjective
- done with or marked by full consciousness of the nature and effects; intentional
 
-arising from or marked by careful consideration: a deliberate decision 


- unhurried in action; movement or manner; as if trying to avoid error: moved at a deliberate pace

FUNCTION: intransitive verb
- to think carefully and often slowly, as about a choice to be made
- to consult with another or others in a process of reaching a decision

FUNCTION: transitive verb
- to consider (a matter) carefully and often slowly, as by weighing alternatives


Examples:
A. Because the Senate didn't want to come  to a hasty decision on the topic at hand, they decided to deliberate the issues until they came to a decision.

1. RANT
FUNCTION: verb
- to talk in a noisy, excited or declamatory manner
- to scold vehemently
- to utter in a bombastic declamatory fashion


Examples:
A. I just want to rant about how unfair I think the whole situation is.


B. He ranted and raved like crazy against politician and democracy. He said that Germany needed someone's above politics, a true leader like himself. He also wanted  military command structures  instead of democratic government.


2. BIAS
FUNCTION: noun
- a partiality that prevents objectives consideration of an issue or situation
- a line or cut across a fabric that is not at right angles to the side of the fabric


FUNCTION:verb
- influence in an unfair way. You are biassing my choice by telling me yours.


FUNCTION: adjective
- slanting diagonally across the grain of a fabric. a bias fold


Examples:
A. When choosing someone for a jury, you want to be sure to pick someone who doesn't have a bias against either party.


B. To avoid a bias in the results, the survey should include a cross section of age groups.


C. A bias cut fabric will give the garment more flexibility.


D. Her dad cannot be her lawyer because everything her father would say would be bias.


3. SPURS
FUNCTION: noun
- something that causes and encourages a given response; encouragement; incentive


FUNCTION: verb
- to stir to action or feelings

1. RETROACTIVE
FUNCTION: adjective
- influencing or applying to a period prior to enactment. a retroactive pay increase.

- applying or referring to the past. retroactive legislation

- affecting things past. retroactive tax-increase.

- it applies to stuff that occurred previously.


Example:
  Workers at a particular company have won a  7.6% pay increase. Moreover, the increase is retroactive for 6 months.

Re-worded
  Workers at a particular company have won a 7.6% pay increase. Moreover, the increase will be applied to the previous 6 months of pay.

This means that the company owes its employees money for the previous six months. Usually that would be given to the employee in one lump sum.

 So, if my pay rate was $1000 per month and the 7.6% pay increase was retroactive for six months, the company would owe me 7.6% of $1,000, times 6. So, moving forward, my new salary would be $1,076 per month, but they would still owe me $456  ($76 times 6) from the last six months.


Source: www.yahooanswers.com


2. BEQUEATH 
FUNCTION: verb
- to give or leave by will ---- used especially of personal property
- to  hand down; transmit

Examples:
A. The dying man decided to bequeath  all his worldly possessions to his dog.

B. My grandmother promised to bequeath her mother's wedding ring to me in her will.

C. Opportunity for a good education is the best legacy we can bequeath to the next generation.


3. FATUOUS
FUNCTION: adjective
- foolish or silly, especially in a smug or self-satisfied way
- complacently or inanely foolish
- devoid of intelligence

Examples:
A. The employee's attitude toward the customer was very fatuous and unprofessional, therefore the employee was fired.

B. Fatuous persons are also called idiots, who are entirely deprived of the faculty of reason and have a uniform stupidity and inattention in their manner and childishness in their speech.


4. FEEBLE
FUNCTION: adjective
- lacking strength; weak
- indicating weakness
- lacking vigor, force, or effectiveness; inadequate


Examples:
A. He presented a feeble argument in defence of his views.

B. She gave a feeble excuse for missing her appointment.

C. Influenza has left him very feeble.

D. Her voice was so feeble; it was difficult to hear.

1. RATIFY
FUNCTION: verb
- to agree and give formal sanction to; confirm

Examples:
A. The agreement, which became effective in 1997, has been signed and ratified by 160 nations.

B.The government has a process by which they can ratify the constitution.


2. QUORUM
FUNCTION: noun
- a minimum number of members in an assembly, society, board of directors, etc., required to be present before any valid business can be transacted.

Examples: 
A. The annual meeting couldn't start until the fourth person arrived, because the quorum for a valid meeting was four.

B. Failure to achieve a quorum can, therefore, seriously disrupt the decision making policy of the chartiy.


3. CIRCUMVENT
FUNCTION: verb
- to surround ( an enemy, for example); enclose or entrap.
- surround so as to force to give up
- to go around; bypass
- to avoid or get around by artful maneuvering

Examples:
A. The American forces circumvented the Iraqi occupying army in Kuwait, trapping and defeating them.

B. The army circumvented the small town forcing them to give up.

4. LEGACY
FUNCTION: noun
- a gift by will especially of money or other personal property.
- something transmitted by or received from ancestor or predecessor or from the past. The legacy of the ancient philosophers.

Examples:
A. The legacy of the Jones family was well known for hundred of years.

B. Opportunity for a good education is the best legacy we can bequeath to the next generation.


5. PATHETIC
FUNCTION: adjective
- sad-looking; pitiful
- having the capacity to move one to either compassionate or contemptuous pity
- marked by sorrow or melancholy
- pitifully inferior or inadequate.  The restaurant's pathetic service.


Examples:
A. The apprentices did pathetic work  when they first began learning how to make shoes.

B. The man sleeping on the cardboard in front of the book store looked all the more pathetic, because it was snowing and drifting snow on his blankets.

C. The dog looked pathetic with water dripping down its pur.

D.  The boy looked pathetic standing in the rain with no umbrella.

IGNOMINY
FUNCTION: noun
- great personal dishonor or humiliation
 - shameful or disgraceful action, conduct, or character
- a state of dishonor


Examples: 
A. Upon being impeached the governor bowed his head in ignominy and quietly departed.


B. The only way to escape the ignominy of being caught asleep on camera was to play a game.

APPREHENSIVE
FUNCTION: adjective
- anxious or fearful about the future; uneasy
- capable of understanding and quick to apprehend
- mentally upset over possible misfortune or danger


Examples:
A. Debbie was a very good teacher, putting me at ease straight away when I was quite apprehensive at the start of the day.


B. My mother grew more and more apprehensive, as she waited my arrival because she had no idea where I was.


C. I was apprehensive about getting to the dentist to get a tooth pulled.

1. SUBSIDE
FUNCTION: verb
- wear off or die down. The pain subsided
- to become lower and withdraw. Gradually the water subsided.
- to become quieter. They stay anchored in harbour till the wind subsided.


2. APPEAL
FUNCTION: noun
- earnest or urgent request. An appeal for help. An appeal to the public to keep calm.
- attractiveness that interest or pleases or stimulates. His smile was part of his appeal to her.
- the transfer of a case from lower to a higher court for a new hearing. Their appeal was denied in the superior court.
- request for a sum of money. An appeal to raise money for starving children.


3.REHASH
FUNCTION: noun
- old material that is slightly reworked and used again. Merely a dull rehash of his first novel.

FUNCTION: verb
- present or use over, with no or few changes
SYNONYMS: reprocess, reuse, recycle

- go back over; recapitulate. I don't have time to rehash old days.
  To rehash old same argument.


4. REVOKE
FUNCTION: noun
- the mistake of not following suit when able to do so.

FUNCTION: verb
- fail to follow suit when able and required to do so
- cancel officially

Examples:
A. He revoked the ban on smoking.

B. I am going to revoke your license if you do not follow the rules.


C. Your licensed has been revoked.

5. PROFOUND
FUNCTION: adjective
- of the greatest intensity; complete. A profound silence.
- showing intellectual penetration or emotional depths; from the depths of your being. The differences are profound
- situated at or extending to great depth; to deep to have been sounded or plumbed. The profound depths of the sea.
- coming from deep within one. A profound sigh.
- far reaching and thoroughgoing in effect specially on the nature of something. Profound social changes.
- (of sleep) deep and complete. Fell into a profound sleep.